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Roman Cyprus was a key spot for important political and religious functions. It was also a strategic base for trade in the Mediterranean. Consistently occupied throughout history, Cyprus has been home to several strong and competing powers such as the Assyrians, Egyptians, Macedonians, and in particular the Romans. Cyprus was annexed by the Romans in 58 B.C., but until 22 B.C. when Cyprus became an official senatorial province, control over the island fluctuated between the Romans and the Ptolemaic Empire. Yet, from the Battle of Actium in 31 B.C. to the Byzantine Empire in the 4th century, Cyprus was controlled by the Romans. And in 293 AD, Cyprus officially became part of the Eastern Roman Empire. Under Roman rule, Cyprus was divided into four main districts, Salamis, Pafos, Amathous, and Lapethos. Pafos was the capital of the island throughout the Roman period until Salamis was re-founded as Constantia in 346 AD. The geographer Ptolemy recorded the following Roman cities: Pafos, Salamis, Amathous, Lapethos, Kition, Kourion, Arsinoe, Kyrenia, Chytri, Karpasia, Soli, and Tamassos, as well as some smaller cities scattered throughout the island. Detailed below is a chronological outline of Roman Cyprus, its political history, economy and trade, religion, social history, art and culture and the natural disasters that plagued Cyprus. Information about Cyprus during Roman rule is based primarily on archaeological findings and epigraphy. There is sparse literary evidence and very infrequent texts of which to base our knowledge. In this article the spelling convention of the (Department of Antiquities Cyprus ) is followed. ==Chronological Timeline== * 88-58BC King Ptolemy reigned over Cyprus * 58BC Cato implemented the Lex Clodia de Cyprus making Cyprus part of the Roman province of Cilicia; Cato was proconsul of Cyprus from 58-56BC * 52-51BC Cicero becomes proconsul of Cilicia and Cyprus (son of the famous orator) * 47BC Cyprus taken by Egyptian rule, Marc Antony and Cleopatra * 31BC Battle of Actium, Marc Antony and Cleopatra were defeated by Augustus and Cyprus was again under Roman rule * 22BC Cyprus became a province separate from Cilicia, Pafos was the capitol * 21-12 BC Cypriot calendar created in honor of Augustus and Imperial family * 18, 17 and 15 BC Sizable earthquakes, the worst being in 15 destroying most of Pafos * 2 BC Revisions made to Cypriot calendar * 16 AD Another large earthquake caused damage across the island * 45 AD Christian mission of Paul and Barnabas * 49 AD Barnabas visited a second time * 65/66 AD Kourion temple rebuilt after earthquake * 66 AD Pafos was given the title Claudian * 70 AD Destruction of Jerusalem and influx of Jews into Cyprus * 76/77 AD Large-scale rebuilding after destructive earthquakes * 116 AD Jewish Revolt at Salamis * 200 AD Large theater at Kurion was converted to hold gladiatorial games * 269 AD Brief Gothic invasion * 293 AD Diocletian reorganizes the Roman Empire into East and West regions; Cyprus falls into the East * 342 AD Salamis and Pafos were destroyed by a massive earthquake * 346 AD Salamis was refounded as Constantia, the capital of Cyprus * 365 AD Earthquake destroys Kourion * 395 AD Rome falls and the Byzantine era begins 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Roman Cyprus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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